Durian

1. Local Name: Durian (Durio zibethinus)

2. Recommended Variety:

Clone	Characteristic
Commercial Clone
D96	Medium sized fruit with green skin. Pulp is ligh yellow, sweet and aromatic. Seed is big. Good yielder.
D24	Medium sized fruit, dropping in the mid season. Tick pulp with big seed. Excellent eating quality with yellow flesh that is smooth, fine textured, strongly flavoured. Tendency of uneven ripening in larger size fruit. Good yielder.
D99	Small sized fruit (1.0 to 1.4 kg), roundish with prominent lobes. Thick yellow pulp with strong aroma, sweet and medium fine texture. Above average eating quality. Early dropping. Flowers are self-compatible. High consistent yielder.
D123	Originally from Thailand and is also known as Chanee. Big fruit weighting 1.8 to 2.5 kg, oval-shaped, slighly compressed and is yellowish-green. Fruit quality is fairly good and a good yielder.
D168	Tree is of medium height and a good yielder. Fruit weights between 1.4 to 1.6 kg each and is round in shape. Fruit is brownish-green in colour and has a short stalk. The pulp is thick, sweet, reddish-yellow and tasty.
DS68	This clone is a local selection of big sized tree. The fruit is small weightung 0.5 kg - 1 kg, round in shape and has a bronzy-coloured skin. The pulp is light yellow colour, thich and with collapsed seeds. Fruit yield is high and consistent.
MDUR 78	Mid season croppper with high yield. Fruit is 1.5 to 1.8 kg. Roundish oval fruuit has yellowish orange pulp which is of very good eating quality.
MDUR 79	Early dropping, medium sized fruit, lower yielding than MDUR 78. Roundish oval fruit has yellowish orange pulp which is of very good eating quality.
MDUR 88	Mid season cropper with medium yielding ability. Medium sized fruit has golden yellow pulp that is sweet, medium fine and slightly drier than MDUR 78 and MDUR 79.
Local Clones
a) Durian kuning	This local species is mainly cultivated in Northern Sarawak. Fruits of the selected clones have good eating qualities. It appears that cross pollination is necessary for fruit set and it is recommended to plant more than one clone.
DG5	Tree of medium size. Round fruit with green colour skin and weights between 0.8-1.9 kg. Pulp is deep orange-yellow with fine, soft and sticky texture and taste sweet with good fragrance.
DG25	Originally from Kampong Quap in Kuching Division. Friot is of average size (0.8-1.9 kg. Pulp is orangy yellow texture and taste sweet with good fragrant.
Suluk2	Originally from Limbang. Fruit is of reniform shape, average size (0.8-1.5 kg) and with yellowish-green yellow skin. Pulp is orange-yellow with sweet taste and is very fragrant.
Suluk3	Another local selection from Limbang. Fruit is fairly small (0.7-1.0 kg) elliptical in shape with light yellow skin color. Pulp is orange-yellow in color, fragrant, soft and fine texture and has small seed.
b) Durian Nyekak	The Nyekak tree is small to medium in size. It is mainly cultivated in Central and Northern Sarawak. Fruit comes about a month after the common durian season. The recommended clones are:
DK5	Fruit is round, average size (0.6-1.5 kg) with orangy yellow skin. It has short, sharp but rather elastic spines. The locular lines are prominent and fruit is easy to open. Flesh is orange-yellow in color with fine and sticky texture and is sweet to taste with a fragrant flavour.
DK6	The fruit of this clone is round, of rather small size (0.6-0.9 kg) with yellow skon. Pulp is reddish yellow in color, with medium soft and dry texture, sweet and fragrant to taste and has small seed.
DK8	Fruit is oblong in shape with a short stalk, of average size (0.6-1.2 kg) and has yellow skin. The locular lines are prominent and fruit is easy to open. Pulp is yellow in color, of medium soft and dry texture, sweet and fragrant to taste.

A mixture of clones, including D99 as a pollinator, has to be planted to improve fruit set.

3. Soil and Climatic Requirement

Deep, well-draon loamy soil with gentle to undulating slopes. A dry weather period is required to initiate flowering.

4. Spacing: 11m x 11 m (86 trees/ha)

5. Manuring

Year	Time of Application	Type of Fertilizer	Amount/ Year (Kg)	Rate/ Application (kg)
0	At planting	Rock Phosphate Dolomite Tahi Ayam	0.20 0.10 5.0-10.0	0.20 0.10 5.0-10.0
1	Every 2 months	15:15:15	0	0.08
2	Every 3 months	15:15:15	0	0.25
3	Every 3 months	12:12:17:2+TE	0	0.50
4	Every 3 months	12:12:17:2:TE	3.0	0.75
5	Every 3 months	12:12:17:2:TE	4.0	1.00
6	Every 4 months	12:12:17:2:TE	5.0	1.67
7	Every 4 months	12:12:17:2:TE	6.0	2.00
8	Every 6 months	12:12:17:2:TE	8.0	4.00
9	Every 6 months	12:12:17:2:TE	9.0	4.50
10 and above	Every 6 months	12:12:17:2:TE		5.00

In addition, application of organic manure at 20-40 kg/tree/year is recommended.

6. Vegetative Stage: 4 - 7 years

7. Economic Life: 25 - 30 yearas

8. Yield

Age (Year)	Fruit Yield (mt/ha/yr)
7	1.3
8 - 10	5.3
11 - 13	10.6
14 - 25	13.2

9. Pest and Disease Control

Pest / Disease	Sympton	Control
1. Durian seed borer	Newly hatched larvae feed initially on the skin of the fruit and later bore into the husk and then into the seeds. An exit hole measuring 5-8 mm in diameter surrounded by white orange excreat can be observed on the surface of the fruit.	Set up light trap to reduce moth population No registered chemical for control
2. Rhizoctonia leaf blight	The causal organism is the fungus, Rhizoctonia solani. Symptoms on the leaf starts with small water-soaked lesions, which coalesce to form larger irregular light brown patches with dark brown margins. Under warm humid conditons, the mycelium spreads to adjoining leaves when they come into contact. Sometimes, light brown sclerotia appear on the patches. Leaf drop and twig dieback occur during severe infection. This disease also affects seedlings at the nursery stage.	This disease can be controlled by spraying pencycuron. In the nursery, do not place the seedlings too close to each other and ensure that the nursery is not too wet.
Durian patch canker	This disease, which affects the main trunk and branches, is caused by Pythopthora palmivora. It causes dark brown to black lesions on the bark of the branches or trunk, especially at the crotch. A reddish brown gummy substances oozes out the bark under wet conditions. Leaf defoliation and branch dieback can occur under severe conditions. The fungus can also infect the roots and fruit.	Treat the lesions by painting with metalaxyl or fosetyl-aluminum. For root infection, do drenching.